医疗卫生装备

目的：设计一种适用于足底取皮术后的足弓支撑脚垫，并评价其在足底取皮术后患者足弓部位瘢痕处的康复效果。方法：该脚垫采用硅胶制成，包括脚垫本体和足弓支撑件。脚垫本体的表面设有减震凸纹，足掌部设有裁剪纹路，足弓部向上凸起；足弓支撑件包含足弓支撑部和足跟支撑部，足弓支撑部设有加强跟，足弓支撑部和足跟支撑部的外周缘设有减震通孔。选取使用足底皮进行移植手术的烧伤患者82例，按随机数字表法将其平均分为对照组和试验组。对照组患者足底取皮部位愈后即进行抗瘢痕护理，予涂抹硅酮凝胶，由康复专科护士进行压力疗法。试验组患者在对照组常规护理基础上，使用该脚垫进行康复护理。比较2组患者足底取皮部位瘢痕康复不良反应情况及足底取皮部位瘢痕情况。采用SPSS 25.0软件进行统计学分析。结果：愈后1周内，试验组发生皮下淤血和破溃的患者例数均少于对照组，差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。康复锻炼3个月时，试验组患者瘢痕情况较对照组改善更显著，差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。结论：足弓支撑脚垫结构简单、使用方便，适用于足底取皮术后患者进行康复锻炼。

Objective To develop a foot pad for arch support after plantar skin grafting and evaluate its rehabilitation effect on scar tissue in the arch area of postoperative patients. Methods The foot pad for arch support after plantar skin grafting was fabricated from medical-grade silicone and comprised a pad body and an arch support component. The pad body featured shock-absorbing convex patterns on its surface, precision-cut grooves in the metatarsal region and an upwardly convex arch section; the arch support component consisted of an arch-supporting portion with heel reinforcement and a heel-supporting portion, both peripherally integrated with vibration-damping through-holes. Totally 82 burn patients undergoing grafting using plantar skin were selected and divided equally into a control group and an experimental group with the random number table method. In the control group, anti-scarring care such as applying silicone gel and pressure therapy by rehabilitation nurses was carried out immediately after the healing of the plantar skin removal site. In the experimental group, the foot pad was used for rehabilitation care besides the routine treatment in the control group. The two groups were compared in terms of scarring and adverse reactions at the plantar skin removal site. SPSS 25.0 software was used for statistical analysis. Results Within 1 week after healing, the number of patients in the experimental group who had subcutaneous bruising and rupture was less than that in the control group, and the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05). At 3 months after healing, the experimental group behaved better than the control group in scarring, and the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05).Conclusion The foot pad developed with simple structure and easy operation can be used for rehabilitation exercise of patients after plantar skinning.