医疗卫生装备

目的：研究气旋式气溶胶采样器（以下简称“采样器”）结构设计对气溶胶采集效率的影响，提高小粒径气溶胶的采集效率。方法：首先，采用SolidWorks软件建立采样器的三维几何模型。其次，基于欧拉-拉格朗日框架下的计算流体力学-拉格朗日颗粒追踪法建立流体力学仿真模型，研究采样器直径、排气管直径、锥形部分尺寸及进气口形状对0.1～3.0μm粒径范围内气溶胶采集效率的影响，并进行采样器的优化设计。最后，采用3D打印制作优化前后的采样器，在特定实验室条件下验证优化后采样器对气溶胶的物理采集效率。结果：仿真结果显示，减小采样器直径、增加排气口直径、保持采样器高度不变情况下减小锥形部分的高度占比、保持进风口面积不变情况下将进风口由矩形入口变为圆形入口均会降低气溶胶的采集效率，据此优化设计的采样器对粒径为0.1～1.0μm的气溶胶采集效率超过75%，相比优化前平均提高了63%，当气溶胶粒径≥2.0μm时，气溶胶采集效率达到100%。实验室验证结果显示，优化后的采样器对粒径为0.1～2.0μm的气溶胶的物理采集效率相比优化前均有较大的提升。结论：通过数字仿真和优化设计，可以有效提升采样器的气溶胶采集效率。

Objective To investigate the impact of the structural design of the cyclonic aerosol sampler on aerosol collection efficiency to enhance the collection efficiency for small-particle aerosols. Methods Firstly, a three-dimensional geometric model of the sampler was created using SolidWorks software. Secondly, a fluid dynamics simulation model was constructed with the computational fluid dynamics and Lagrange particle tracking method under the Euler-Lagrange framework, so as to explore the effects of the sampler diameter, the exhaust pipe diameter, the tapered section dimensions and the inlet shape on the collection efficiency of small-particle aerosols within 0.1-3.0 μm particle size and to carry out the sampler optimization design. Finally, the samplers before and after optimization were fabricated with the 3D printer, and the physical collection efficiency of aerosols by the optimized samplers was validated under specific laboratory conditions. Results Simulation results indicated the aerosol collection efficiency was increased by decreasing the sampler diameter, raising the exhaust pipe diameter, lowering the height ratio of the tapered section while maintaining the sampler height and changing the inlet from a rectangular to a circular shape while keeping the inlet area constant. The sampler optimized accordingly achieved the aerosol collection efficiency exceeding 75% for particles with the diameters ranging from 0.1 to 1.0 μm, representing an average improvement of 63% when compared with that before optimization, which had the collection efficiency being 100% for the aerosols with their diameters not lower than 2.0 μm. Laboratory validation results showed the optimized sampler had the physical collection efficiency increased greatly for the aerosols with the diameters ranging from 0.1 to 2.0 μm than that before optimization. Conclusion Digital simulation and optimization design significantly enhance the sampling efficiency of the sampler. [Chinese Medical Equipment Journal,2025,46(12):24-30]